Table 2.1: Metro and Suburban Rail
Africa, Asia, CIS, Eastern Europe and Latin America
A-B Abakhan - Bydgoszcz (2.1.1, 2007.10)
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Annual Passengers (million)
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Average Travel Distance, km / mi
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Annual Traffic Density (million)
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Aizu-Wakamatsu - Aizutetsu
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Alexandria, EG: see ‘Iskandariyyah, El (EG)
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Algiers, DZ: see Jazaa'ir, al- (DZ)
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Krungthep Mahanakhon / Bangkok - SRT-1990
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Białystok-PKP (Bialystok)
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Bierascie, BY: see Brest (BY)
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Brasília - Metrô (Brasilia)
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Bucuresti-CFR (Bucharest)
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FV - Belgrano Norte - 1993
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UGOFE - San Martín - 1993
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Key to Symbols:* = in planning; ** = under construction.
*** = operated for less than 12 months as noted; traffic density scaled up to annual rate.
@ = population corresponds with historic data year.
u = population within municipal boundary.
Notes for Table 2.1
Abashiri 網走 - JR-Hokkaidô JR北海道:
Abashiri 網走 – Shiretoko-Shari 知床斜里: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (40,000 and 13,000, respectively) was 6,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 200,000 (2005; estimate).
Abashiri 網走 – Kitami 北見: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (40,000 and 110,000, respectively), was 34,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 700,000 (2005; estimate).
Abu Dhabi أبوظبي: Railway connecting business center with airport, in planning.
Adana: Hafif Raylı Sistem, light metro. Construction started 2001; opening of initial segment planned for 2007 June 30.
Addis Ababa አዲስ አበባ: “Mass Rapid Rail Transit Public Network,” in planning. Upgrading and electrification of existing Ethio-Djibouti Railway between Addis Ababa and Adama ኣዳማ (also known as Nazareth ናዝሬት, 200,000). The Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) reported at 2004 January that construction would begin in 2004 March. No subsequent reports could be found (at 2007 September). Traffic density estimate based on ridership forecast (60,000 passengers / day).
Ahmadabad અમદાવાદ: “Ahmedabad Metro Rail Project,” in planning. Lines planned for construction on viaduct, with much of the system length built in existing road alignments. Phase 1, North-South corridor, 33 km (20 mi), and East-West Corridor, 10 km (6 mi), completion planned by 2010. Phase 2, 52.5 km (32.5 mi), completion planned for 2035.
Akita 秋田:
Daytime and nighttime population, Akita city, 2000:
Almaty Алматы -Metro (Метро): Almaty, then known by its (Soviet-era) Russian name, Alma-Ata (Алма-Ата), began planning a metro system during the early 1980s. At that time, the city’s population reached one million, the “criterion” for metro construction in the former USSR.
A 1989 decree (a “secret” decree, according to one source) by the Council of Ministers of the USSR ordered termination of financing for metro design and construction. This, followed by the 1991 collapse of the USSR, slowed metro development in Almaty and other cities. Construction started in 1985 (or 1988 - sources disagree), and proceeded very slowly during the 1990s because of financial difficulties. Opening of the first segment planned by 2009.
Long-term plans, two additional lines, one of them a surface-level extension of Line 1 northward alongside a railway alignment to Almaty-I railway station, about 45 km (28 mi).
Separate project, “Almaty Metro Monorail Project,” 40 km (25 mi), planned; financing has not been secured (at 2007 February).
Ankara-TCDD: Suburban (Banliyö) service, electrified 1972.
Aomori 青森 - JR-East JR東日本:
Daytime and nighttime population, Aomori city, 2000:
Aomori 青森 – Mimmaya 三厩駅: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (312,000 and 2,600, respectively), was 14,000 (at 2005). Mimmaya village is now part of Sotogahama 外ヶ浜 town (from 2005 March 28). Annual passenger traffic: 500,000 (at 2005; estimate).
Aomori 青森 – Hirosaki 弘前 – Ôdate 大館: Population served, exclusive of Aomori, Hirosaki and Ôdate (312,000, 188,000 and 84,000, respectively), was 73,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 3,000,000 (2005; estimate).
Aomori 青森 – Hachinohe 八戸: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (312,000 and 244,000, respectively), was 120,000 (at 2005). . Annual passenger traffic: 3,500,000 (2005; estimate).
Noheji 野辺地 – Ôminato 大湊: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (16,000 and 67,000, respectively), was 5,400 (at 2005). Ôminato station is located in Mutsu むつ city. Annual passenger traffic: 300,000 (2005; estimate).
Annual passenger traffic at selected stations (all trains):
See also Hachinohe and Morioka.
Asahikawa 旭川 - JR-Hokkaidô JR北海道:
Asahikawa 旭川 – Nayoro 名寄: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (360,000 and 26,000, respectively), was 42,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 800,000 (at 2005; estimate).
Asahikawa 旭川 – Kamikawa 上川: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (360,000 and 5,000, respectively), was 12,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 300,000 (at 2005; estimate).
Asahikawa 旭川 – Furano 富良野: Population served, exclusive of terminal towns (360,000 and 25,000, respectively), was 30,000 (at 2005). Annual passenger traffic: 300,000 (at 2005; estimate).
See also Sapporo – Asahikawa.
Baghdad بغداد: Population as at 2003. A press release current at 2004 February stated that construction of the Baghdad Metro would resume at 2004 October for completion in 2008. Information available at 2007 February, although fragmentary, establishes the following sequence of events: The previous regime promised several infrastructure projects, including the Baghdad Metro, following the end of the Iran-Iraq War (1988). Station design work was conducted by consultants during the early 1980s. Construction began by 1990, but was interrupted by the start of the First Gulf War. The project was cancelled thereafter because of the economic impacts of trade sanctions. The project was started again by the end of the 1990s, but was interrupted again by events leading to the Second Gulf War (known in the U.S. as the “Iraq War”). Reports that completed metro tunnels were used for military purposes were circulated widely prior to the start of the US-led invasion of Iraq (2003). No verification of such reports could be found at 2007 September.
Bakı (Baku)-Metro (Bakı Metropoliteni (Бакинский метрополитен Bakinskiy metropoliten)): Planning started 1932. Construction started 1951, stopped 1953. Construction re-started 1960, initial segment opened 1967 November 25. Line names are as follows:
Line 1: Bakı Soveti – Həzi Aslanov.
Line 2: Dərnəgül – Günəşli.
Extensions totaling 14.3 km (8.9 mi) reported as “under construction,” but with work suspended because of financial difficulties. Long-term plans include a third line, and eventual total system length of 52 km (32.2 mi).
Bangalore-Metro Rail: Under construction, foundation stone laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 2006 June 24.
Two lines planned. Initial phase will have 6.7 km (4.2 mi) in tunnel 25.6 km (15.9 mi) on viaduct and 0.7 km (0.4 mi) at ground level. System will be marketed as Namma Metro (“Our Metro;” Namma Bengalooru means “Our Bangalore” in Kannada).
North-south line, 14.9 km (9.2 mi), planned to have 14 stations (of which three underground). Opening planned by 2008.
East-west line , 18.1 km (11.2 mi), planned to have 18 stations (of which four underground). Completion planned by 2011.
Traffic density estimate based on ridership forecast; 10.20 lakhs / day (= 1.02 million / day), at 2011. This is projected to increase to 16.10 lakhs / day (= 1.61 million / day) by 2021 (which implies an annual traffic density of 85 million passenger-km per km of system length).
Mono Rail: Separate project for peripheral and feeder monorail lines in four corridors, 50 km (30 mi) total. “Pilot segment,” 18 km (11 mi), approved in 2006.
(The name of the city in Kannada is Bengalooru. A proposal to make official the Kannada-language name of the city, Bengalooru, was approved by the Government of Karnataka state near the end of 2006. Approval by the central government was pending at 2007 February.)
Krungthep Mahanakhon (Bangkok) กรุงเทพมหานคร -SRT: Double-tracking project in suburban area, under construction, 234 km (145 mi).
“Suvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link Project,” Phaya Thai – Makkasan – Suvarnabhumi Airport, 28.5 km (17.7 mi), under construction, opening planned for 2008 (the new airport itself was opened officially on 2006 September 28). Following completion of the eastward line between Phaya Thai and the new airport, a second stage is planned to extend northward via Bang Sue to Rang Sit, serving Don Mueang Airport (which serves charter flights following completion of Suvarnabhumi Airport). Standard gauge, electrified, maximum permitted speed 160 km/h (99 mph).
The Phaya Thai – Suvarnabhumi and Phaya Thai – Bang Sue – Rang Sit lines will be built along existing SRT lines on concrete viaduct. The Bang Sue – Rang Sit segment will use concrete pillars built for the "Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System" (the “Hopewell Project”), which was abandoned following the “Asian Financial Crisis” of 1997. Other segments might use “Hopewell Pillars,” but news reports current at mid-2005 state that only those between Bang Sue and Rang Sit are “ready for use.” News reports current at mid-2005 also state that some “Hopewell Pillars” obstruct the planned route of the “Airport Rail Link” and will therefore be demolished.
SRT: Electrification of 1,000-mm (3’3⅜”) gauge SRT lines, in planning. North-south corridor, Ban Phachee – Ayutthaya – Rang Sit – Hua Lamphong – Maha Chai – Pak Tho. East-west corridor, Nakhon Pathom – Taling Chan – Bang Sue Phaya Thai – Makkasan – Chachoeng Sao.
New railway, Krungthep Mahanakhon (Bangkok) – Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat), in planning. Approximate length, 250 km (155 mi). Planned maximum permitted speed, 250 km/h (155 mph).
BTS: “Skytrain” รถไฟฟ้า, elevated metro, driverless trains. Opened 1999 December 5. Traffic density estimate based on reported “over 400,000 passengers per day, with an average passenger trip equaling 6.45 km” (4.0 mi).
Three extensions authorized by Bangkok Metropolitan Council at 2006 May:
--Saphan Taksin – Wongwian Yai, 2.2 km (1.4 mi), opening planned for 2007 June.
--On Nut – Samrong, 8.9 km (5.5 mi), opening planned for 2009 February.
-- Wongwian Yai – Bang Wa, 6.7 km (4.2 mi).
Additional 27 km (17 mi) planned by 2012.
MRTA: Metro line (รถไฟใต้ดิน, rotfai taidin, “underground train”). Trial service began 2004 April 13. Commercial service began 2004 July 3.
Additional 91 km (56 mi) , three new lines planned for construction by 2012.
Barquisimeto: Ferrocarril Simón Bolívar. Rehabilitation of existing railway, Barquisimeto – Yaritagua – San Felipe Guacara – Morón – Puerto Cabello. Completion planned for 2009.
Běijīng 北京: Urban population stated at 7.5 million (2005).
First metro line planned with Soviet technical assistance from 1958; this was withdrawn in 1960 but the project continued without foreign assistance. Construction began 1965 and was completed by 1969.
Sources do not agree on the date, nor the year, of opening. One source gives 1969 October 1. October 1 is China’s National Day and it is believed that this was the date of the ceremonial "opening." However, only invited guests were carried for some years thereafter, because of "technical difficulties" that prevented full operation. (A 1973 magazine article states that the line was temporarily controlled by manual signaling.) A different source states that "trial operation" began in 1971, but other sources agree that the line was not open to the public until 1977. Unescorted foreigners were not permitted to travel until 1980.
Line 8T is also referred to as the Batong Line ( 八通线 bātōngxiàn). "Batong" is a contraction of 八王坟 Bāwángfén, a district east of central Beijing, and 通州区 Tōngzhōu Qū ("Tongzhou District"), an administrative subdivision of Beijing Municipality.
Line 13 and Line 8 are referred to as "CityRail," after the Chinese term 城市铁路 (chéngshì tiělù), which has the nominal meaning "urban railway" or "city railway." These are sometimes described as "light railway" or "light rail" but are in fact metro lines, built primarily on viaduct.
Three lines totaling 86.7 km (53.8 mi) under construction, with opening planned for 2007-2009.
Airport railway, 28.1 km (17.4 mi), under construction. Completion planned in time for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.
Long-term plans dated 1999 outline network of 13 lines, 408.2 km (253.1 mi). News reports current at 2006 November describe long-term plans including 19 lines, 561.5 km (348.1 mi), for completion by 2020.
50-year horizon envisions 1,000 km (600 mi) of metro and suburban railway lines by 2050.
Belo Horizonte-TMBH: Trem Metropolitano de Belo Horizonte SA. Line 2, under construction Barreiro – Calafate), 9.3 km (5.8 mi) of 16.5 km (10.2 mi) planned. Line 3, Savassi – Pampulha (airport), in planning, 12.5 km (7.8 km).
Beograd Београд: Route length includes 52.4-km (32.5-mi) inner-suburban network, marketed as Beovoz Беовоз, which uses city center tunnels.
Białystok-PKP: PKP was divided at the end of 2001. PKP-PLK owns and administers infrastructure. PKP-PR operates most local and regional services.
Brasília-Metrô: Extension, 8 km (5 mi), under construction.
Bratislava-ŽSSK: From 2002 January 1, ŽSSK became the national passenger train operator. Infrastructure remains under ownership and management of ŽSR.
Metro: Plans for a Bratislava Metro were announced in 1973. Construction started in 1988, but stopped following the fall of the Czechoslovak Communist government in 1989. At that time, 150m (500 ft) of tunnel and excavations for stations in the Petržalka district had been completed. In 1991, the local authority selected the French VAL 208 (Véhicule Automatique Legére) system, and signed a contract with Matra Transport for equipment and rolling stock in 1992. Two-line, 32.5-km (20.1-mi), 32-station network planned (Dúbravka – Rača, 18.9 km (11.7 km); Petržalka – Ružinov, 13.6 km (8.4 mi)). First stage, 9.7 km (6.0 mi), Petržalka – Hlavná stanica (Bratislava station), planned for completion by 2003. Financial difficulties slowed progress and the contract signed with Matra was permitted to expire in 1997. A new tender was issued in 1998, but the project was shelved in 1999 because financing could not be secured. A subsequent (2001) proposal outlined financing by Russian payments to Slovakia on Soviet-era debt.
Brest-BCh Брэст-БЧ : The population of Brestskaja vobłaść Брэсцкая вобласць (province) is 1,446,000.
Bucuresti-CFR: CFR was divided into business sectors from 1998. CFR-Calatori is the national passenger train operator.
Metrou: Metroul Bucureşti. Metro planning began during the 1930s. A concession was issued in 1938 to the undertaking S.A. Metropolitanul. Construction was planned to start in 1941 March. However, the project was interrupted by the Second World War, and was shelved thereafter because of political tensions and economic difficulties. The project was resumed during the 1970s, and the first segment was opened on 1979 November 16.
Two extensions, totaling 7.7 km (4.8 mi), under construction, for completion by 2008.
Long-term plans include one new line (18-19 km / 11-12 mi), for completion before 2020. A northward branch of Line 4 will serve Aurel Vlaicu [Băneasa] International Airport (Aeroportul Internaţional Aurel Vlaicu) and Henri Coandă [Otopeni] International Airport (Aeroportul Internaţional Henri Coandă), 13.9 km (8.6 mi), planned for completion by 2015.
Budapest-MÁV: MÁV reported 31.2 million “commuter traffic” passengers for 2000 (average travel distance 26.6 km / 16.5 mi). However, the report did not specify the geographic area to which these statistics pertain (e.g. all of Hungary; Budapest region).
Airport Railway: Rail link to Ferihegy Airport, in planning.
Budavári Sikló: Funicular, 1870-1944. New funicular, built on same alignment, opened 1986 June 4.
Buenos Aires: The suburban railway network is organized as seven lines (Líneas), more precisely groups of lines, operated by private-sector enterprises under concessions.
Details of Lines:
Operators:
FV, Ferrovías S.A.C., operates the Belgrano Norte line.
MBS, Transportes Metropolitanos Belgrano Sur S.A., operates the Belgrano Sur line.
MGR, Transportes Metropolitanos General Roca S.A., operates the Roca line.
MBS and MGR trade as “Metropolitano” (MP) as did the former MSM undertaking.
MV, Metrovías S.A., operates the Urquiza line as well as the metro (“Subte”) network.
TBA, Trenes de Buenos Aires S.A., operates the Mitre and Sarmiento lines.
UGOFE, Unidad de Gestión Operativa Ferroviaria de Emergencia, is the provisional operator of the San Martín line. This undertaking, a joint venture including Ferrovías S.A.C., Metrovías S.A. and Trenes de Buenos Aires S.A., replaced Transportes Metropolitanos General San Martín S.A. (MSM) from 2005 January 7. The state revoked the concession of MSM in 2004 because of incumplimiento del contrato (“breach of contract”) and complaints by passengers about the poor condition of the line. The UGOFE Group was to operate the San Martín line until a new concession was granted (this had not occurred at 2007 February).
Terminals:
Estación Buenos Aires Línea Belgrano Sur, “Buenos Aires”.
Estación Plaza Constitución, “Constitución”.
Estación Federico Lacroze, “F. Lacroze”.
Estación Once [11] de Septiembre, “Once”.
Estación Retiro, “Retiro”.
Busan 부산 (釜山) – Gimhae 김해 (金海): Automated light metro, connecting with the Busan metro network at Sasang station (Line 2), in planning.
Butuan: The first phase of a Mindanao railway network is planned to serve Cayagan de Oro. Financing has not been secured (at 2007 February). Subsequent phases are planned to reach other cities including Butuan, Davao and Zamboanga.
Bydgoszcz-PKP: see Białystok-PKP.