Table 3.6: Tramway, Light Railway and LRT
U.S, Canada, Western Europe and Australasia
D          Dallas - Düsseldorf     (3.6.1, 2008.6)
City and Country
Population Served
System Length, km / mi
Annual Passengers (million)
Average Travel Distance, km / mi
Annual Traffic Density (million)
           
Dallas (TX) - 1926
US
  
105 / 65
80
3 / 2
0.6
1950
  
@ 430,000
71 / 44
39
4.0 / 2.5
2.2
             
TE - 1936
    
365 / 226
0.9
24 / 15
0.06
1947
  
@ 800,000
281 / 174
2.0
"
0.2
             
MATA - 1990
    
2.3 /1.4
0.2
0.8 / 0.5
0.07
2007
    
3.2 /2.0
0.2
1.3 / 0.8
0.08
             
LRT-1998
  
@ 1,904,000
u 1,180,000
32.9 / 20.4
10.9
8.7 / 5.4
2.9
2005
  
2,216,000
u 1,233,000
70.7 / 43.8
17.5
11.8 / 7.3
2.9
Darmstadt - 1928
DE
@ 90,000
31.9 / 19.8
12.8
3 / 2
1.2
1951
  
@ 110,000
40.1 / 24.9
23.4
4 / 2
2.3
1966
  
@ 210,000
37.9 / 23.5
21.1
4.6 / 2.9
2.5
1984
  
@ 220,000
36.2 / 22.4
21.3
4.3 / 2.7
2.5
2002
  
190,000
36.2 / 22.4
28
"
3.3
Davenport (IA) - 1907
US
@ 90,000
78.8 / 48.9
18.9
3 / 2
0.8
CD&M - 1924
    
109.5 / 67.9
0.4
40 / 25
0.01
Dayton (OH) - CR - 1914
US
@ 145,000
28 / 17
20
2.5 / 1.5
1.8
DS&X - 1914
    
56.1 / 34.8
2.3
8 / 5
0.3
DSR - 1914
    
12.7 / 7.8
4.4
2 / 1
0.6
OSR - 1914
    
6.6 / 4.1
5.3
2 / 1
1.3
PR - 1914
    
28.9 / 17.9
20
2.5 / 1.5
1.7
* Streetcar
  
850,000
u: 170,000
3 / 2
      
Den Haag - urban (The Hague)
NL
560,000
128.1 / 79.4
79
3.3 / 2.0
2.3
RandstadRail
    
28 / 17
12
10 / 6
5
Denver (CO) - D&IM - 1947
US
@ 370,000
55 / 34
1.1
8 / 5
0.2
LRT-1996
    
8.5 / 5.3
4.1
4.5 / 2.8
2.2
2005
  
2,400,000
25.5 / 15.8
10.4
7.3 / 4.5
3.0
T-REX
    
31.1 / 19.3
11
7 / 5
3
Des Moines (IA) - 1907
US
@ 90,000
81.4 / 50.5
20.9
3 / 2
0.8
FDDM&S - 1907
    
146.6 / 90.9
0.4
16 / 10
*** 0.09
1924
    
233.7 / 144.9
1.4
24 / 15
0.1
1947
    
136.8 / 84.8
0.07
40 / 25
0.02
Dessau
DE
100,000
12.1 / 7.5
2
1.5 / 1
0.3
Detroit (MI) - 1927
US
@ 1,570,000
346.8 / 215.9
440.9
4 / 2.5
5
1940
  
@ 1,620,000
350 / 217
197.7
"
2.3
1941
  
"
"
257
"
3.0
1945
  
@ 2,000,000
"
514
"
5.9
Woodward - 1955
  
@ 1,700,000
15.2 / 9.4
13
5 / 3
4
* LRT
  
5,400,000
u 900,000
18 / 11
      
* Dijon
FR
240,000
u 150,000
        
Domodossola - SSIF
IT
30,000
32.3 / 20.0
1
20 / 12
0.6
see also Locarno (CH)-FART
            
Donora (PA), US: see Pittsburgh (PA), US
            
* Donostia / San Sebastián
(San Sebastian)
ES
180,000
15 / 9
      
* Dordrecht-Merwede-Linge Lijn
NL
  
49 / 30
      
Dornbirn - 1911
AT
@ 16,000
11.1 / 6.9
0.3
5.0 / 3.1
0.1
Dortmund - 1966
DE
@ 770,000
87.1 / 54.0
56.3
6.2 / 3.8
4.0
1984
  
@ 670,000
74.2 / 46.0
43.9
6 / 4
3.5
2002
  
670,000
75.5 / 46.8
50
"
4.8
Douglas - MER - 1896
GB
  
18.9 / 11.7
0.6
6 / 4
0.2
1906
    
36.4 / 22.5
0.5
8 / 5
0.1
1913
    
"
0.7
"
0.2
1925
    
"
0.8
"
0.2
1935
    
"
0.5
"
0.1
1940
    
"
0.1
"
0.02
1946
    
"
1.5
"
0.3
2004
  
35,000
"
0.2
15 / 9
0.1
Douglas - Ramsey - 1957
  
@ 30,000
28.8 / 17.9
0.4
8 / 5
0.1
1961
    
"
0.5
"
0.2
Snaefell - 1957
    
7.6 / 4.7
0.09
7.6 / 4.7
0.09
1961
    
"
0.1
"
0.1
1984
    
"
0.1
"
0.1
1993
    
"
0.09
"
0.09
tramway - 1984
    
2.6 / 1.6
0.5
1.5 / 1
0.8
2004
  
25,000
"
0.08
"
0.05
Douglas (AZ) - 1907
US
@ 6,000
16.0 / 9.9
0.4
  
0.1
Dresden - 1974
DE
@ 505,000
155 / 95
278
5 / 3
9
1984
  
@ 520,000
136 / 84
311
"
11
2002
  
550,000
129.6 / 80.4
90
5.0 / 3.1
3.5
Dublin - 1925
IE
@ 420,000
87 / 54
95.7
2 / 1
1.8
Green Luas - 2005
  
1,300,000
u 480,000
9 / 6
11
4 / 2
3.7
Red Luas - 2005
    
15 / 9
11
4 / 2
2.4
Dubuque (IA) - 1907
US
@ 40,000
22.6 / 14.0
4.1
2 / 1
0.3
* Streetcar
  
58,000
        
Duisburg - 1966
DE
@ 630,000
71.4 / 44.3
45.5
5.1 / 3.2
2.4
1984
  
@ 640,000
62.6 / 38.8
18.2
4.4 / 2.7
1.3
2003
  
580,000
56.6 / 35.1
28.1
"
2.2
Duluth (MN) - 1915
US
@ 90,000
50.3 / 30.1
22.2
3 / 2
1.5
Park Point - 1914
    
4.9 / 3.0
0.4
2.5 / 1.5
0.2
Superior (WI )- 1915
  
@ 40,000
22.4 / 13.9
5.9
2.5 / 1.5
0.6
Duluth-Superior - 1919
  
@ 140,000
71.0 / 44.0
45
3 / 2
2.0
Dunedin - electric - 1926
NZ
@ 68,000
26.6 / 16.5
15
2.5 / 1.5
1.4
1946
  
@ 75,000
23.8 / 14.8
19.4
2 / 1
1.3
Mornington - cable - 1926
    
4.0 / 2.5
1
2 / 1
0.5
Roslyn - 1926
    
6.8 / 4.2
1.5
2 / 1
0.4
Durango (CO) - 1907
US
@ 4,500
3.7 / 2.3
0.3
2 / 1
0.1
Durham (NC) - 1925
US
@ 25,000
14.7 / 9.1
2
2 / 1.5
0.3
Düsseldorf - 1966 (Dusseldorf)
DE
@ 1,150,000
145.6 / 90.2
138.7
4.8 / 2.9
4.5
1984
  
@ 1,070,000
148.5 / 92.1
96.8
4.5 / 2.8
2.9
2002
  
1,000,000
146.3 / 90.7
110
"
3.4
Key to Symbols:
* = in planning; ** = under construction.
*** = operated for less than 12 months as noted; traffic density scaled up to annual rate.
@ = population corresponds with historic data year.
u = population within municipal boundary.
 
Notes for Table 3.6
Dallas: Operator title: Dallas Railway and Terminal Company.
TE: Operator title: Texas Electric Railway. Extended Dallas – Sherman – Denison, Dallas – Ennis – Corsicana (closed 1941), and Dallas – Hillsboro – Waco.
MATA: "McKinney Avenue Transit Authority" (not-for-profit undertaking). Heritage tramway, using former DR&T track in McKinney Avenue, uncovered during roadworks in 1983. Initial segment opened 1989 July 22. Extended to Cityplace LRT station, 1.0 km / 0.6 mi, 2002 July 15. Extension to West End LRT station, 1.6 km / 1.0 mi, in planning. Operates full-time (0700-2200 weekdays, 1000-2200 Saturday and Sunday); no fare is charged but donations accepted.
LRT: Population statistics pertain to areas served by the DART public transport system. Extensions under construction and approved will increase system length to 145.5 km / 90.2 mi. Opening planned in stages during 2009-2012.
Davenport: Operator title: Tri-City Railway Company. Operated town tramway services in Davenport, Rock Island (IL), Moline (IL) and neighboring towns.
CD&M: Operator title: Clinton Davenport and Muscantine Railway. Extended Davenport – Clinton and Davenport – Muscatine.
Dayton - General: The typical U.S. pattern of town-tramway consolidation to form a single dominant undertaking did not occur in Dayton. Five undertakings operated town tramway service, and a sixth operated suburban service with tramway-type stock. (Each of the five "urban" operators replaced tramway lines with trolleybuses; for a few months during 1940 Dayton had seven trolleybus services worked by five undertakings.)
CR: Operator title: The City Railway Company. Operated four town tramway services (1-4) in Dayton.
DS&X: Operator title: Dayton Springfield and Xenia Southern Railway. Extended Dayton – Xenia, branch to Spring Valley (closed 1917-1923). Operated one town tramway service (6) in Dayton.
DSR: Operator title: Dayton Street Railway Company. Operated one town tramway service (10) in Dayton.
OSR: Operator title: Oakwood Street Railway Company. Operated one town tramway service (5) in Dayton and Oakwood.
PR: Operator title: Peoples Railway Company. Operated three town tramway services (7-9) in Dayton.
Streetcar: "Dayton-Aviation Heritage Streetcar Project," in planning. Initial stage recommended to extend west - east, Conover – Oregon. Network of three routes, "Downtown Loop - South," "Downtown Loop - North" and "Air Force Museum," outlined for "eventual" development. "Eventual" system length stated at 26 km / 16 mi, the authors believe that this figure pertains to track length. Ridership on the three-route system estimated at 3,250 / weekday "after five years."
Den Haag: the proper name of this city is ‘s-Gravenhage.
RandstadRail: Project includes conversion of existing railway lines for service by Den Haag LRT trains and Rotterdam metro trains, with relatively little new infrastructure.
First stage, Den Haag – Zoetermeer, opened 2006 October 29. Operation suspended because of derailments. Restored in stages 2007 September 3 - 2007 October 27.
LRT trains (services RR3 and RR4) work from the western terminals of two Den Haag tram lines to the city center, using a 1.3-km / 0.8-mi tram subway (souterrain) opened 2004 October 16.
From Den Haag Centraal Station, LRT trains work on 7 km / 4 mi of the Hofpleinlijn railway (NS) to Leidschenveen. From here, LRT trains continue on the Zoetermeer Stadslijn railway (18 km / 11 mi). This was planned from the mid-1960s as express tramway but was built as a suburban railway. It was opened by NS in 1977-1979. A 3.5-km / 2.2-mi eastward extension, the Oosterheemlijn, was opened 2006 October 29 as part of the project.
Zoetermeer trains use low (300mm / 11.8“) platforms, and Rotterdam trains will use high (900mm / 2‘ 11.4”) platforms. Stations along the shared portion of the Hofpleinlijn have platforms built to accommodate both types of rolling stock.
Passengers are able to travel between Zoetermeer and central Den Haag without changing to Den Haag trams at Centraal Station. Traffic density estimate based on ridership forecast: passenger traffic was forecast to increase from 17,000, carried previously by the Zoetermeer Stadslijn, to 42,000 per weekday.
Denver-D&IM: Operator title: Denver and Intermountain Railroad Company (subsidiary enterprise of Denver Tramways Corporation). Extended Denver – Lakewood – Golden (1,435-mm / 4’ 8½” gauge), and Denver – Arvada – Leyden, branch to Golden (1,067-mm / 3’6” gauge).
T-REX: "Transportation Expansion Project" ("Southwest Corridor Project"), LRT extension and motorway improvements, I-25 - Broadway – Lincoln, 24 km / 15 mi, Belleview – Nine Mile 6 km / 4 mi. Opened 2006 November 19. Traffic density estimate based on ridership forecast (38,100 passengers / weekday, by 2020).
Des Moines: Operator title: Des Moines City Railway Company.
FDDM&S: Operator title: Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Southern Railroad Company. Extended Des Moines – Boone – Fort Dodge, branches to Rockwell City, Webster City and Lehigh. Operated town tramway services in Ames (closed 1929) and Fort Dodge (closed 1925). 1907: Operated for 6.5 months only; traffic density scaled up to annual rate.
Detroit: Operator title: City of Detroit, Department of Street Railways. The "official" peak population was 1,850,000, at the 1950 census. However, various sources state that the "wartime" (ca. 1945) peak population was approximately 2 million.
LRT: "Woodward Corridor Transit Alternatives Study" published 2000 by Detroit Transportation Corporation (municipal undertaking), which owns and operates the Detroit People Mover (see Table 4.10). Evaluation of bus rapid transit (BRT) and LRT technologies stalled because of lack of funds for additional studies, and local share of construction cost.
"Downtown Detroit to Metro Airport Rail Study" published 2001. Incorporated into Ann Arbor to Detroit project (see Table 4.4).
Public transport improvement plan, adopted by metropolitan planning organization (Southeastern Michigan Council of Governments, "SEMCOG") at 2001, includes development of 12-corridor "rapid transit" network. This was outlined for construction as BRT ("SpeedLink") network in report published 2001. Stalled by political disagreement over creation of regional public transport authority, and lack of funds for local share of construction cost.
Dijon: Tramway proposal, under discussion.
Domodossola - SSIF: Società subalpina di imprese ferroviarie. Opened 1923 November 25 (electric traction, 1,200V d.c.). New underground terminal at Domodossola, replacing former terminal in street, opened 1961 May 11. Affiliated and operated jointly with FART (see under Locarno (CH), Table 3.7). International traffic interrupted 1943-1945 (?) because of closure of frontier.
Donostia / San Sebastián: Tranvía (tramway), in planning. Donostia is the Euskera (Basque) name for San Sebastián.
Dordrecht: Merwede-Linge Lijn (MLL), includes conversion of 49 km / 30 mi of existing railway between Dordrecht and Geldermalsen for LRT operation, by 2007.
Dornbirn-1911: Operator title: Elektrische Bahn Dornbirn-Lustenau (EBDL). 1902-1938.
Dortmund: The system includes 55.0 km / 34.1 mi of Stadtbahn (LRT) services, with 17.5 km / 10.9 mi in tunnel (25 stations, opened from 1983) and the remainder on surface reservation with level crossings. 2.3-km / 1.4-mi tunnel segment (5 stations) under construction, opening planned for 2008. To be worked by low-floor tramcars.
Douglas (Isle of Man, GB)-MER: Data pertain to both Douglas – Laxey – Ramsey coastal tramway (Douglas – Laxey at 1896), and Snaefell Mountain Tramway, except as noted.
Douglas-Ramsey: Traffic is concentrated into summer months and is very light during winter months. During the mid-1960s, traffic was described as "averaging 250,000" per year, but "only 500 a week" used the line in winter.
Snaefell: Operates during summer season only. Operation suspended 1939-1946 because of war. Traffic at 1920: 85,000. Traffic 1948-1953 ranged between 56,000 - 77,000. Traffic 1957-1962 ranged between 68,000 - 124,000. Traffic 1978-1993 ranged between 69,000 - 145,000; the latter figure was carried at 1979 and is the apparent peak.
Tramway: Douglas horse tramway, opened 1888, operated continuously except for suspension of service during the Second World War (1939-1946). Winter service withdrawn from 1927. Passengers carried during 2004 season: 80,825. The Douglas horse tramway and the Douglas cable tramway (1896-1929) carried a total of 1,807,892 passengers at 1896.
Douglas (AZ, US): Operator title: Douglas Street Railway Company.
Baile Átha Cliath /Dublin-1925: Operator title: Dublin United Tramways Company. Operated town tramway services in Dublin, with suburban extensions.
Luas, LRT. Green Luas (formerly Line B, St.Stephen's Green – Áth an Ghainimh /Sandyford) opened 2004 June 30. Built on a former railway alignment (opened 1854, closed 1959 January 1).
Extension under construction, Sandyford – Cherrywood, 7.2 km / 4.5 mi. Opening planned by 2010. Current Green Luas planned for eventual upgrading and incorporation into planned METRO network (see Table 4.4).
Red Luas (formerly Line A, Connolly station – Abbey St – Tamhlacht /Tallaght) opened 2004 September 28.
Extension under construction, Connolly station – Point Depot, 1.7 km / 1.1 mi. Opening planned for 2009.
Extension planned ("Citywest"), from a junction between Belgard and Cookstown to Fortunestown, 4.2 km / 2.6 mi. opening planned by 2010.
The two current Luas lines are not connected. "Central Corridor," St. Stephen’s Green – Connolly station, 1 km / 0.5 mi, in planning. Opening planned by 2012.
Development of additional lines outlined as part of regional transport plan ("Transport 21"). These include:
--Dublin city center – Broadstone – Liffey Junction, opening planned by 2012.
--Dublin city center – Dolphin’s Barn – Baile Formaid /Ballyfermot – Leamhcán /Lucan, opening planned by 2013.
--Red Luas, Cherrywood – Bray, opening planned by 2015.
New south-to-north line, not part of "Transport 21" but outlined by the "integrated transportation strategy for the Greater Dublin Area:" Dún Droma /Dundrum – Ráth Fearnáin /Rathfarnham – Tír an Iúir /Terenure – Crois Araild /Harold's Cross – Dublin city center – An Halla Bán /Whitehall – Baile Munna /Ballymun. Eventual extension north from Ballymun to Coolock and Sillogue (METRO interchange), with branch An Chúlóg /Collock – Cill Bharóg /Kilbarrack (DART interchange).
Dubuque: Operator title: Union Electric Company.
Streetcar: Town tramway (streetcar) line in business center, under study.
Duisburg: System includes 8.7 km / 5.4 mi of tunnel segments (6 stations, opened from 1992). 1.8-km / 1.1 mi tunnel segment under construction (2 stations), opening planned for 2010.
Duluth (MN) and Superior (WI): Operator title: Duluth Street Railway Company. Data include incline (funicular) railway in Duluth, 0.908 km / 0.6 mi. This connected with an electric tramway (Highland Avenue line) that had no track connection to other DSR lines.
Park Point: Operator title: Park Point Traction Company. Operated on Park Point spit (which encloses Duluth Harbor). To DSR from 1917. Connected with the remainder of the system 1930, closed 1931.
Dunedin - electric - 1926: Operator title: Dunedin City Council.
Roslyn - 1926: Includes Roslyn cable tramway and connecting electric tramway to Maori Hill.
Durango: Operator title: Durango Railway and Realty Company.
Durham: Operator title: Durham Public Service Company.
Düsseldorf: System includes 61.2 km / 37.9 mi of Stadtbahn (LRT), and 85.3 km / 52.9 mi of Straßenbahn (street tramway). Tunnel segments total 11.6 km (7.2 mi, 11 stations, opened from 1981). Wehrhahn-Linie tunnel segment, 3.9 km (2.4 mi, 8 stations) under construction, completion planned for 2010. To be worked by low-floor tramcars.
 
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