Table 3.9: Tramway, Light Railway and LRT
U.S, Canada, Western Europe and Australasia
I-K          Independence - Krefeld     (3.9.1, 2008.6)
City and Country
Population Served
System Length, km / mi
Annual Passengers (million)
Average Travel Distance, km / mi
Annual Traffic Density (million)
           
Independence (KS) - UE - 1947
  
@ 65,000
126 / 78
0.2
16 / 10
0.03
Indianapolis (IN) - 1931
US
@ 360,000
234 / 145
81.4
3 / 2
1.1
1950
  
@ 430,000
29 / 18
11.3
5 / 3
1.9
* LRT
  
1,595,000
u 780,000
41 / 25
      
             
IC&S - 1912
  
@ 300,000
100.6 / 62.3
1.6
19 / 12
0.3
I&L - 1912
  
@ 50,000
66.0 / 40.9
0.7
16 / 10
0.2
L&N - 1912
  
@ 300,000
41.0 / 25.4
2.2
5 / 3
0.2
L&SI - 1912
  
@ 300,000
138.6 / 23.9
5.7
3 / 2
0.3
IPS - 1924
  
@ 800,000
235.2 / 145.8
9.3
11 / 7
0.4
1930
  
@ 870,000
"
5.7
"
0.3
             
THI&E - 1907
  
@ 600,000
559.3 / 346.8
23.3
5 / 3
0.3
1912
  
@ 670,000
691.2 / 428.5
21.6
8 / 5
0.3
             
UTC - 1907
  
@ 650,000
545.2 / 338.0
16.0
11 / 7
0.3
1912
  
@ 720,000
552.8 / 342.7
13.7
"
0.3
1917
  
@ 750,000
"
19.7
"
0.4
1928
  
@ 850,000
"
14.2
"
0.3
Town - 1913
  
@ 80,000
50 / 30
8.6
2 / 1
0.3
Interurban - 1913
  
@ 720,000
500 / 310
9.7
19 / 12
0.3
Innsbruck - 1911
AT
@ 60,000
17.8 / 11.0
3.6
4.9 / 3.0
1.0
1984
  
@ 130,000
16 / 10
14.3
4 / 2
3.5
2002
  
180,000
36.0 / 22.3
9.0
4.1 / 2.5
4.7
MgbB - 1911
    
8.5 / 5.3
0.1
6.1 / 3.8
0.1
2002
    
7.9 / 4.9
0.3
7.9 / 4.9
0.3
StbB - 1911
    
18.2 / 11.3
0.1
9.6 / 6.0
0.06
1984
    
"
0.7
10.5 / 6.5
0.4
2002
    
"
0.8
10.6 / 6.6
0.5
Interlaken - BOB - 1910
CH
  
23.6 / 14.6
    
0.2
1920
    
"
0.3
13.5 / 8.4
0.1
1930
    
"
0.5
14.3 / 8.9
0.3
1940
    
"
0.3
12.7 / 7.9
0.2
1955
    
"
0.8
14.9 / 9.2
0.5
1970
    
"
1.3
13.9 / 8.6
0.7
1984
    
"
1.6
16.8 / 10.4
1.1
2002
  
10,000
"
1.9
13.7 / 8.5
1.1
BLM - 1910
    
4.3 / 2.7
  
4.3 / 2.7
0.03
1920
    
"
0.04
"
0.03
1930
    
"
0.1
"
0.09
1940
    
"
0.04
"
0.04
1955
    
"
0.2
4 / 2
0.1
1970
    
"
0.4
"
0.3
1984
    
"
0.5
"
0.4
2002
    
"
0.5
"
0.5
JB - 1910
    
5.7 / 3.6
    
0.05
1920
    
9.3 / 5.8
    
0.03
1930
    
"
    
0.08
1940
    
"
0.05
7.0 / 4.3
0.04
1955
    
"
0.2
8.6 / 5.3
0.2
1970
    
"
0.5
"
0.5
1984
    
"
0.7
"
0.6
2002
    
"
1.0
8.3 / 5.1
0.9
SPB - 1910
    
7.3 / 4.5
    
0.03
1920
    
"
    
0.02
1930
    
"
    
0.07
1940
    
"
0.03
7.3 / 4.5
0.03
1955
    
"
0.1
"
0.1
1970
    
"
0.2
"
0.2
1984
    
"
0.2
"
0.2
2002
    
"
0.2
"
0.2
WAB - 1910
    
19.1 / 11.8
    
0.08
1920
    
"
    
0.04
1930
    
"
    
0.1
1940
    
"
0.2
6.5 / 4.0
0.06
1955
    
"
0.7
7.9 / 4.9
0.3
1970
    
"
1.9
8 / 5
0.5
1984
    
"
3.1
"
0.8
2002
  
3,000
"
3.7
9.4 / 5.8
1.8
Invercargill - 1926
NZ
@ 17,000
13.5 / 8.4
3.5
2.5 / 1.5
0.6
1945
    
12.1 / 7.5
3.2
2 / 1
0.4
Iserlohn - 1906
DE
@ 30,000
22.7 / 14.1
0.6
5 / 3
0.1
1911
  
"
26.7 / 14.6
2.8
"
0.5
1936
  
@ 40,000
26.5 / 16.4
5.0
"
0.9
1951
  
@ 50,000
29 / 18
10.7
"
1.8
Jackson (MS) - 1907
US
@ 21,000
17.7 / 11.0
2.1
3 / 2
0.4
Jacksonville (FL) - JV - 1907
US
@ 60,000
29.2 / 18.1
8.0
3 / 2
0.9
NJ - 1907
    
10.3 / 6.4
3.6
3 / 2
1.1
JV - 1925
  
@ 110,000
67.1 / 41.6
22.9
3 / 2
1.1
Jena
DE
100,000
23.7 / 14.7
15
3 / 2
1.9
Jersey City (NJ) - 2006
US
550,000
26.8 / 16.6
7.8
5.0 / 3.1
1.9
see also Bayonne (NJ), US (streetcar)
            
Johnstown (PA) - 1907
US
@ 60,000
38.4 / 23.8
12.0
3 / 2
0.9
1950
  
@ 90,000
18 / 11
10.9
"
2.0
* Kaiserslautern
DE
100,000
30 / 19
      
* Kalamata
GR
60,000
5 / 3
      
Kankakee (IL) - 1917
US
@ 17,000
16 / 10
1.4
2 / 1
0.1
Kansas City (MO, KS) - 1922
US
@ 350,000
240 / 150
204
3 / 2
2.7
1950
  
@ 700,000
84 / 52
56.8
5 / 3
3.3
* LRT
  
1,360,000
38.4 / 23.8
4.5
8 / 5
0.9
Karlsruhe - 1966
DE
@ 310,000
37.9 / 23.5
44.5
3.5 / 2.2
4.1
Urban - 1985
  
@ 310,000
46.8 / 29.0
44.9
4 / 2.
3.8
Region - 1985
    
60.0 / 37.2
7.9
7 / 4
0.9
Urban - 2002
  
270,000
63.0 / 39.1
70
4.3 / 2.7
4.8
Region - 2002
  
870,000
100.1 / 62.1
50
6.5 / 4.0
3.2
Kassel - 1911
DE
@ 150,000
30.3 / 18.8
14.2
3 / 2
1.4
1937
  
@ 210,000
37.0 / 22.9
20.1
"
1.6
1951
  
@ 180,000
39.6 / 24.6
35.1
"
2.7
1966
  
@ 240,000
44.2 / 27.4
37.4
3.6 / 2.2
3.4
1984
  
@ 230,000
40.0 / 24.8
25.7
3.5 / 2
2.2
2002
  
280,000
44.7 / 27.7
25
"
2
Herkulesbahn - 1904
    
5.5 / 3.4
0.1
2 / 1
0.04
1928
    
10.9 / 6.8
0.9
4 / 2
0.3
1938
    
10.6 / 6.6
0.7
"
0.3
Kenosha (WI) - 1915
US
@ 30,000
12.3 / 7.6
1.4
2 / 1
0.3
2005
  
90,000
1.5 / 1.0
0.06
1.8 / 1.1
0.07
Key West (FL) - 1907
US
@ 20,000
7.7 / 4.8
1.5
2 / 1
0.3
1925
  
@ 15,000
4.4 / 2.7
1.7
"
0.6
Kiel - 1966
DE
@ 300,000
24.5 / 15.2
23.8
4.1 / 2.5
4.0
1984
  
@ 280,000
12.2 / 7.6
8.0
3 / 2
2.0
Kitchener - 1916
CA
@ 25,000
5.3 / 3.3
1.0
2 / 1
0.3
1946
  
@ 60,000
5.6 / 3.6
4.7
"
1.4
* LRT
  
451,000
u 205,000
14 / 9
      
CP - 1946
  
@ 100,000
112.3 / 69.7
1.5
11 / 7
0.2
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee - 1911
AT
@ 29,000
4.2 / 2.6
1.0
2.9 / 1.8
0.7
Knoxville (TN) - 1907
US
@ 40,000
49.0 / 30.3
9.3
3 / 2
0.6
København - 1935
DK
@ 1,013,000
105 / 30.3
130
4 / 2.5
5
1939
  
@ 1,075,000
"
160
"
6
1942
    
"
180
"
7
1947
    
"
258
"
10
1962
  
@ 1,350,000
u 895,000
91.8 / 56.9
120.7
4.5 / 2.8
5.9
1967
  
u 815,000
67.1 / 41.6
84.2
"
5.6
Köln - 1960 (Cologne)
DE
  
133.9 / 83.0
147
4.5 / 2.8
4.9
1966
  
@ 1,400,000
119.6 / 74.1
120.7
4.8 / 3.0
4.8
1984
  
@ 1,150,000
137.8 / 85.4
125.4
5.8 / 3.6
5.3
2002
  
1,300,000
139.8 / 86.7
182.6
"
7.6
KBE - 1976
    
69.7 / 43.2
9.7
11.0 / 6.8
1.5
1984
    
55 / 34
11.9
"
2.4
Krefeld - 1966
DE
@ 490,000
44.2 / 27.4
16.5
4.7 / 2.9
1.8
1984
  
@ 490,0000
36.1 / 22.4
12.5
5 / 3
1.7
2002
  
540,000
37.3 / 23.1
10
"
1
Key to Symbols:
* = in planning; ** = under construction.
*** = operated for less than 12 months as noted; traffic density scaled up to annual rate.
@ = population corresponds with historic data year.
u = population within municipal boundary.
 
Notes for Table 3.9
Independence - UE: Operator title: Union Electric Railway.
Extended Parsons (KS) – Cherryvale – Independence – Coffeyville – Nowata (OK). Operated town tramway services in Coffeyville and Independence.
Indianapolis: Operator titles: Indianapolis Street Railway Company (at 1931), Indianapolis Railways, Inc. (at 1950).
LRT: "DiRecTions Rapid Transit Study," in progress. Initial "Northeast Corridor" line outlined, extending Bush Stadium – Downtown Dome – 38th Street/Fairgrounds, then northeastward to terminal. "Conceptual regional rapid transit system plan" includes "Fixed Guideway Transit" in five radial corridors, 135 km / 84 mi total.
IC&S, I&L, L&N, L&SI and IPS: The interurban route between Indianapolis and Louisville (KY) was built in segments by separate undertakings, later consolidated (from 1912).
IC&S: Operator title: Indianapolis, Columbus and Southern Traction Company. Extended Indianapolis – Columbus (IN) – Seymour. Operated town tramway services in Columbus.
I&L: Operator title: Indianapolis and Louisville Traction Company. Extended Seymour – Sellersburg.
L&N: Operator title: Louisville and Northern Railway and Lighting Company. Extended Jeffersonville – Sellersburg, branch to Charlestown.
L&SI: Operator title: Louisville and Southern Indiana Traction Company. Extended Louisville (KY) – New Albany – Jeffersonville. Operated town tramway services in Jeffersonville and New Albany. Subsidiary undertaking of L&N (from 1905).
IPS: Operator title: Interstate Public Service Company. Extended Indianapolis – Columbus (IN) – Jeffersonville – Louisville (KY), branch to Charlestown. Operated town tramway services in Columbus, Jeffersonville and New Albany.
THI&E: Operator title: Terre Haute, Indianapolis and Eastern Traction Company. Major lines extended from Indianapolis to: Lebanon – Lafayette, Crawfordsville, Danville, Richmond and Terre Haute. Indianapolis – Brownsburg – Crawfordsville and Indianapolis – Martinsville lines added 1912. Operated town tramway services in Terre Haute, with rural extensions to Clinton, Sullivan and Paris (IL).
UTC: Operator title: Union Traction Company of Indiana. Major lines extended from Indianapolis to: Kokomo – Logansport – Peru, Anderson – Marion – Wabash, and Muncie, Union City and Bluffton. Operated town tramway services in Anderson, Elwood, Marion and Muncie.
Innsbruck: Operator title (at 1911): Localbahn Innsbruck - Hall in Tirol (LBIHiT). 2002 data inclusive of MgbB and StbB (below).
MgbB-1911: Mittelgebirgsbahn: Operator title: Innsbrucker Mittelgebirgsbahn. Steam tramway line, Innsbruck (Berg Isel) – Igls. Opened 1900. Electrified 1936 and incorporated into town tramway network.
StbB-1911: Stubaitalbahn: Operator title: Aktiengesellschaft Stubaitalbahn (AGStB). Innsbruck (Berg Isel) – Fulpmes. Opened 1904, electrified (3kV 50 Hz a.c., first railway electrification using commercial-frequency ac). Converted to 850V dc in 1983.
Interlaken-BOB: Berner Oberland-Bahnen.
Extends Interlaken Ost – Zweilütschinen – Lauterbrunnen, 12.3 km / 7.6 mi, and Zweilütschinen – Grindelwald, 11.2 km / 7.0 mi. Opened 1890 July 1. Electrified 1914 March 17 (1,500V d.c.).
BLM: Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen–Mürren. Funicular (closed 2006 April 23, replacement aerial cableway opened 2006 December 16), Lauterbrunnen – Grütschalp (see Table 4.15). Tramway Grütschalp – Mürren, statistics in this table pertain to the tramway. Opened 1891 August 14 (500V d.c., later increased to 525V d.c.).
JB: Jungfraubahn. Extends Kleine Scheidegg – Jungfraujoch. Opened in stages 1898 September 19 - 1912 August 1. (500V 40Hz three-phase a.c., changed to 650V 50Hz three-phase a.c. from 1960, changed to 1,125V 50Hz three-phase a.c. from 1964). Jungfraujoch is the highest railway station in Europe (elevation 3,454m / 11,332’)
SPB: Schynige Platte-Bahn. Extends Wilderswil – Schynige Platte. Opened 1893 June 14. Electrified 1914 May 9 (1,500V d.c.). Operates only during summer season. Subsidiary undertaking of BOB from 1895.
WAB: Wengernalpbahn. Extends Lauterbrunnen – Kleine Scheidegg – Grindelwald. Opened 1893 June 20. Elecrified in stages 1909 July 3 - 1910 June 24 (1,500V d.c.). Winter service Lauterbrunnen – Wengen started 1909 December 15, Wengen – Wengernalp 1912, Wengernalp – Kleine Scheidegg 1913. All-year service Lauterbrunnen – Kleine Scheidegg from 1925. Winter service Grindelwald – Kleine Scheidegg from 1933 December, all-year service from 1960.
Invercargill Operator title: Invercargill Borough Council.
Iserlohn: Iserlohner Kreisbahn, electric light railway.
Jackson (MS): Operator title: Jackson Electric Railway Light and Power Company.
Jacksonville - JV: Operator title: Jacksonville Electric Company (at 1907); Jacksonville Traction Company (at 1925).
NJ: Operator title: North Jacksonville Street Railway, Town and Improvement Company.
Jersey City: Hudson-Bergen Light Rail. Lincoln Harbor – Tonnelle Avenue Park and Ride, 4.7 km / 2.9 mi, opened 2006 February 25.
Johnstown: Operator titles: Johnstown Passenger Railway Company (at 1907); Johnstown Traction Company (at 1950).
Operated town tramway services in Johnstown and neighboring towns, with suburban extension to Windber (closed in 1936 because of flood damage).
Kaiserslautern: Citybahn Kaiserslautern. Plan envisions light rail vehicles using diesel-mechanical or diesel-electric traction operating over new track built on former rail alignment, existing track shared with regional goods and passenger trains, and new street track (2.3 km / 1.4 mi) through the business center.
Kalamata: "Ultra Light Rail" project, using hybrid diesel electric vehicles, in planning.
Kansas City: Operator title: Kansas City Railways Company (to 1926), Kansas City Public Service Company (from 1926).
Operated town tramway services in Kansas City (MO), Kansas City (KS) and Independence (MO).
LRT: "SmartMoves" was (at 2006 June) the "Comprehensive Transportation Plan" prepared and adopted by the Mid-America Regional Council, the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the Kansas City metropolitan area. This document emphasizes bus-based public transport strategies, including 6 radial "RapidRider" corridors, radial and peripheral "FreewayFlyer" corridors in motorway alignments, and two regional ("commuter") rail corridors (see Table 4.5). A citizens’ organization, the Regional Transit Alliance, was working to build public support for the SmartMoves plan.
The SmartMoves plan included no light rail transit corridors. The electorates in Kansas City (MO) and North Kansas City rejected on 2001 August 7 a financing proposal for a north-south LRT "starter" line, planned to extend Northland (Vivian Road) – North Kansas City – Kansas City (MO) business center – Midtown – University District – 75th Street. Traffic density estimate based on ridership forecast (15,000 / weekday).
A local activist submitted five LRT financing proposals to the Kansas City (MO) municipal electorate by petition ("initiative"). The first four were rejected, most recently a plan for a 48-km / 30-mi LRT systemk on 2003 November 4. The fifth proposal, including a 44-km 27-mi LRT line, was approved on 2006 November. However, the plan was seen as financially unrealistic. The municipal council voted on 2007 November 8 to stop the project. A less expensive alternative plan was promised, but details had not been settled at the time of writing (2008  June).
Karlsruhe: VBK is the municipal transport undertaking and AVG is the Albtalbahn undertaking, now owned by the Karlsruhe local authority. VBK operates urban tramway (Straßenbahn) services. AVG operates regional (Stadtbahn) services; Stadtbahn system length includes 100.1 km / 62.1 mi of AVG-owned lines. Remainder is owned by DB and VBK.
Kassel - Herkulesbahn: Electric light railway Kassel – Hohes Gras, branches to Brasselsberg and Herkules.
Kenosha: Operator title: Wisconsin Gas and Electric Company (subsidiary undertaking of The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company).
2003: "Kenosha Streetcar Circulator," single-direction loop. Opened 2000 June 17.
Key West: Operator title: Key West Electric Company.
Kitchener - 1916: Operator title: Berlin and Waterloo Street Railway (municipal undertaking of Berlin local authority; Berlin was renamed Kitchener from 1916).
1946: Operator title: Kitchener Public Utilities Commission, Street Railway Department (municipal undertaking).
LRT: in planning. Stated urban population ("u") is that of Kitchener city. "Population served" includes the adjacent Waterloo city (northwest of Kitchener) and Cambridge city (southeast of Kitchener). The Regional Municipality of Waterloo had a total population of 478,000.
CN: Operator titles: The Grand River Railway Company (GRR), and The Lake Erie and Northern Railway Company (LE&N), both subsidiary undertakings of Canadian Pacific Railway Company and known as "Canadian Pacific Electric Lines." GRR operated Kitchener – Galt, branch Preston – Hespeler. LE&N operated Galt – Brantford – Port Dover.
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee: Operator title: Klagenfurter Straßenbahn. 1891-1910 (horse traction), 1911-1963 (electric traction).
A feasibility study on tram reintroduction was conducted in 2005. This concluded that tram reintroduction could not be justified because of high construction cost (EUR 12 million - 20 million per km) and limited passenger traffic potential (12,500 passengers per day).
Knoxville: Operator title: Knoxville Railway and Light Company.
København: Operator title: Københavns Sporveje.
"Urban" population is that of København, Frederiksberg and Gentofte kommuner (municipalities).
Köln - KBE: The two lines operated by this undertaking are now worked jointly by the municipal transport undertakings of Bonn and Köln. KBE Rheinuferbahn trains (Köln – Wesseling – Bonn) replaced by Stadtbahn service 16 in 1978. KBE Vorgebirgsbahn trains (Köln – Brühl – Bonn) trains replaced by Stadtbahn service 18 in 1985. The KBE undertaking was wound up in 1992.
 
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